Bonsai Tree Cultivation
Bonsai tree cultivation is a Japanese tradition for hundreds and hundreds of years. Literally translating to “tray planting,” growing a bonsai tree involves actively working to shape a tree into a dwarfed, artistic version of itself. Bonsai trees are not special hybrids or dwarf species of common trees; they’re genetically identical to their bigger relatives. It’s the careful cultivation that keeps these trees small. However, the trees are not sick or damaged. In fact, given the proper care, the bonsai version of a tree can exceed the life expectancy of the same tree if it were grown in the wild.
Bonsai trees can either be grown from seeds or from cuttings of trees, and they normally grow from two inches to three feet in height. Through pruning both branches and roots bonsai trees are kept small. They’re also repotted periodically, and new growth is frequently pinched off.
There is a much about art as there is about horticulture in the cultivating of bonsai trees. Bonsai trees are not only kept small, they are also formed into pleasing shapes. They often follow a number of different growth patterns, from elaborate waterfall shapes cascading down over their pots to simple triangular pattens. The various shapes are normally a product of both the pruning of the tree and by the wrapping the branches and trunk with wire, shaping the tree into its desired form. The pots themselves are part of the art as well, chosen to compliment the shape and color of the tree itself. Rocks and mosses are often added to the base for aesthetic appeal.
Cultivating a bonsai tree is more complicated than the growing of most houseplants. Since the bonsai has has a smaller root system than most plants, it needs water and fertilizer more frequently than most garden-variety houseplants. Pruining is also essential occasionally, since without pruning the bonsai tree would grow into just a normal size tree. Also, if wire is used to help mold and form the tree, it is important to take care that the wire doesn’t dig into the bark of the tree, scarring the branches permanently. Depending on the type of bonsai tree and your climate, you may be able to keep some bonsai trees outside year round, while others will need to be kept inside for at least part of the year. Moisture is also important, not only in the soil but in the leaves and branches of the bonsai. They need to be misted occasionally for the bonsai to develop healthily.